Wiki+Collaboration+4

February 24 - March 3

Collaboratively discuss and define the following:

Many athletes and individuals rely on performance enhancing aids/ergogenic aids or supplements to give them an edge, especially with developing muscular strength and endurance and weight loss. While some of these aids have had research conducted on them, others have not. The potential side effects of several aids are the market are not yet known.

For your discussion/collaboration this week, you are to search out an ergogenic aid that is currently on the market. It may be found online, at nutrition/vitamin stores, plain-old grocery stores, wherever. Look up whatever you can find about that aid. Use the format below to structure your input:

- ADD A LINE under your work
 * List the name of the aid (YOUR NAME).........i.e. Caffeine (Laura Vedeen)**
 * Proposed "benefits"
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? Peer-reviewed?
 * Known side effects
 * Potential side effects
 * Cost
 * Where you can purchase this aid.
 * Citations and/or links to sources

---
 * Each of you should look and find a different aid.** There are a "gazillion" different aids out there, so you should not have any problem finding something. Make sure and write your name next to your entry!
 * CAFFEINE RESOURCE FOR MIDTERM:** [[file:ACSM Caffeine and Exercise Performance.pdf]]

Arginine may help prevent or reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, and may decrease the occurrence of artherosclerosis (the formation of hard plaque from fatty deposits in the arteries). Arginine is also thought to help lower cholesterol levels, and may help improve symptoms of angina. Arginine may also help prevent or reduce the spread of certain cancers, and is thought to have antioxidant properties. Research shows that arginine may help the body repair wounds, may help individuals with some kidney disorders, may help decrease the severity or incidence of migraine headaches, and may help improve symptoms of male infertility caused by erectile dysfunction. More conclusive research is necessary as to what degree arginine helps improve exercise performance and increase of lean muscle mass • Creates a "Continuous Muscle Pump" • Signals Muscle Growth - Speeds Recovery • Increases Strength, Stamina & Sexual Vigor *** (NO)Nitric Oxide** Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by healthy endothelial cells. The discovery of its function is possibly one of the most important in the history of cardiovascular medicine. In 1998 three Americans (Robert F. Furchgott, PhD, Louis J. Ignarro, PhD, and Ferid Murad, MD, PhD) were awarded the Nobel Prize for their independent discoveries concerning "nitric oxide" as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Nitric oxide (NO) is essentially a signaling molecule that helps control a range of processes in the body, including nerve signaling, immune functions, muscle growth and the dilation of blood vessels.
 * Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate** **(Amanda Perez)**
 * **P****roposed "benefits":**The benefits of arginine alpha-ketoglutarate are similar to those of arginine, mostly due to the increased **NO*** production triggered by the supplement, which increases blood flow and nutrient delivery to the muscle.
 * **Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? Peer-reviewed?:**None, that I could directly claim.
 * **Known side effects:**May occur with daily intake of 15 grams or more, and include nausea, abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Sensitive individuals may experience side effects at lower doses. Do not use arginine supplements if you suffer from the rare genetic disorder argininemia. Consult your physician before using arginine if you have any medical conditions, or are taking any of the following medications: nitroglycerin, Viagra, cyclosporine, ibuprofen, organic nitrates, or the herbal supplement yohimbe. High doses of arginine may cause herpes or cold sore outbreaks in prone individuals.
 * **Cost:** There are many supplements that contain this ingrediant and promote their effectiveness based on it and the prices can range anywhere from **15-275 dollars**
 * **Where you can purchase this aid?:** Almost anywhere dietary supplements are sold...from **amazon.com**...to your local **GNC.**
 * **Citations and/or links to sources:**
 * 1) http://www.allstarhealth.com/lj_c/arginine_alpha_ketoglutarate.htm
 * 2) http://ambafrance-do.org/supplements/25157.php
 * 3) http://www.musclemass.com/arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate.html
 * 4) http://www.bodyactive-online.co.uk/supplements/ingredients/nitricOxide.asp
 * 5) http://www.gnc.com/product/index.jsp?productId=2189113
 * 6) http://www.amazon.com/1Fast400-Arginine-Alpha-Ketoglutarate-200-Grams/dp/B001183NP4


 * ADDERALL (Lindsay Vickers)**
 * Weight loss; Improve alertness and enhance aerobic metabolism
 * Early in 2005, "Health Canada suspended all sales of Adderall XR after data collected by manufacturer, Shire Pharmaceuticals linked the drug to 12 sudden deaths in American children between the years 1999 to 2003." Doctors have also advised against using Adderall in those people who have pre-existing cardiac or mental illnesses. They also suggest against using it in those people who have a history of drug abuse.
 * Can accelerate weight loss due to loss of appetite; Improves the ability to work harder because it jump starts your body more effectively
 * May lead to eating disorders; Dependency as a weight loss aid; Psychological dependence; Long-term and/or improper use can cause liver problems, heart problems, and possibly death
 * The black market price of Adderall varies widely, and is often between $1.50 to $10 per pill (size also varies from 5 to 30mg.) In some cases, pills may sell for as little as $.20 or as much as $25.
 * Prescription based drug for the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
 * http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Diet/story?id=4515712&page=1
 * http://www.focuset.com/Adderall_a/135.htm


 * EPHEDRINE (Kim Henson)**
 * increases body fat loss, enhances athletic performance, improves concentration
 * There has been research done to test the benefits/risks of this drug. It has been found that this drug does not improve strength, endurance, reaction time**,** or anaerobic capacity. Research has also found that ephedrine products have been found to have from 0% to 100% of the ingredients the bottles say it does.
 * Known side effects of this drug are irregular heart rate, eleveated blood, pressure, dizziness, headache.
 * Potential side effects include heart attack, stroke, seizure, psychosis, and death.
 * Ephedrine pills can cost anywhere from 4-30 dollars on the average.
 * This aid may be purchased on a number of internet websites. Also some drug stores may sell them, but not those containing 8 milligrams or more of ephedrine alkaloids per serving.
 * http://www.ephedrine-ephedra.com/pages/what_is_ephedrine_1234.html
 * http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/ephedsum.htm


 * N.O. Explode (Mike Hart)**
 * Increased focus, improved pumps, prevents muscle fatigue, and improves Nitric Oxide levels.
 * N.O. is a blend of three different key ingredients to obtain a number of different goals. It contains creatine which is scientifically proven to generate more ATP in individuals and therefore give them more energry. B vitamins and caffiene can increase focus and energry while the nitric oxide aids help volumize blood flow.
 * There are no known side effects to taking creatine. The stimulant caffeine is not however good for you and can raise blood pressure and cause dehydration.
 * The long term effects of creatine are unknown and some experts believe that the substance can have an adverse effect on the kidneys.
 * A one month supply of N.O. Explode cost around 40 dollars.
 * It can be purchased at all major supplement centers and is one of the most popular wieght lifting aid.
 * ([]) ([])

RED BULL (Stephanie Esterino) > - increases concentration and reaction speed > - improves vigilance > - improves the emotional status > - stimulates metabolism
 * - increases performance
 * According to Redbull.com, "Numerous scientific studies in the fields of sports medicine, internal medicine and psychology confirm the effects described for Red Bull® Energy Drink. All scientific studies are peer-reviewed, published and can be found in public databases."
 * Known side effects include the raising of the energy levels within the body to dangerous proportions, medical complications and allergic reactions.
 * Due to the amount of Caffeine, potential side effects include increased blood pressure, tremors, irregular heartbeat and the risks of stress and hypertension.
 * The basic 8.3 ounce can is about $2.09 or $2.19.
 * Red Bull can be purchased at convienent stores, grocery stores or gas stations.
 * Ask.com, google.com, Redbull.com

- Increases high intensity exercise performance - Increases strength - Increases energy levels - Fuller looking muscles - Increases lean body mass - Speeds up recovery rate -According to BodyBuilding.Com- "Quite a few studies have been done on creatine to figure out why and how it works so well. There have been over twenty double blind (meaning neither the researchers nor the subjects knew who was getting what), placebo-controlled studies conducted on creatine in the past five years. They proved that creatine increased energy levels, resulting in increased strength, endurance levels, and recovery rates. Another unexpected benefit attributed to creatine was discovered as well: creatine accelerates fat loss, while building lean body mass!" -However, According to MayoClinic.com-" There is limited systematic study of the safety, pharmacology, or toxicology of creatine. Individuals using creatine, including athletes, should be monitored by a healthcare professional. Users are advised to inform their physicians or other qualified healthcare professionals." -According to BodyBuilding.com- "The best part about creatine-no adverse effects have been reported in any studies. NONE! Creatine is totally safe and effective. Creatine has never been shown harmfully toxic. Nevertheless, just like with anything, it is not recommended to over-supplement once your muscles are saturated with creatine-there is no reason to." -According to Mayoclinic.com- "The U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not strictly regulate herbs and supplements. There is no guarantee of strength, purity or safety of products, and effects may vary." -May experience gastrointestinal symptoms, including loss of appetite, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, or nausea. -May cause muscle cramps or muscle breakdown, leading to muscle tears or discomfort. -Strains and sprains have been reported due to enthusiastic increases in workout regimens once starting creatine. -Weight gain and increased body mass may occur. -Heat intolerance, fever, dehydration, reduced blood volume, or electrolyte imbalances (and resulting seizures) may occur. -Possible kidney damage -Liver function may be altered -May alter the activities of insulin -Large quantities of creatine is reported to increase the production of formaldehyde, which may potentially cause serious unwanted side effects. -May increase the risk of compartment syndrome of the lower leg, a condition characterized by pain in the lower leg associated with inflammation and ischemia (diminished blood flow), which is a potential surgical emergency. -Reports of other side effects include thirst, mild headache, anxiety, irritability, aggression, nervousness, sleepiness, depression, abnormal heart rhythm, fainting or dizziness, blood clots in the legs (called deep vein thrombosis), seizure, or swollen limbs. - Around $20-$30 for about 500g-1000g container -It is sold pretty much everywhere. For example, Walmart, GNC, Vitamin World -http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/creatine/NS_patient-creatine -http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/creatine.html -http://www.bodybuildingforyou.com/creatine/creatine-faq.htm -http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_can_you_purchase_creatine
 * Creatine (Kalli Monestero)**
 * RESOURCE FOR MIDTERM: [[file:ACSM Creatine.pdf]]**
 * Proposed benefits-
 * Scientific Information-
 * Known Side Effects-
 * Potential Side Effects- According to MayoClinic.Com:
 * Cost
 * Where can you purchase creatine?
 * Sources

Androstenedione (Megan Treleaven) http://www.fda.gov/oc/whitepapers/andro.html
 * Natural and legal anabolic steroid, increase muscle mass
 * According to http://health.csusb.edu/dchen/sports%20nutrition/ergogenic_aids%20chapter.htm "King and colleagues evaluated the effects of androstenedione supplementation (300 mg/day) in untrained men during eight weeks of resistance training. Serum testosterone and estrogen levels, muscle size and strength, serum lipids, and markers of liver function were measured before and during the study in the supplement (n=10) and placebo (n=10) groups. There were no differences in serum testosterone, muscle size and strength, or body composition between the androstenedione and placebo group. However, the androstenedione group had significant decreases in HDL cholesterol and significant increases in serum estrogen levels, which may have adverse health consequences during long term supplementation (10)".
 * Abnormal menstrual cycles, baldness, acne, agreesion, blood clots, headaches, deepening of the voice
 * Liver disease, impotence, stroke, heart disease
 * Prices can range depending on how much they are willing to spend
 * Sold on black markets
 * __http://health.csusb.edu/dchen/sports%20nutrition/ergogenic_aids%20chapter.htm __

Dehydroepiandrosterone (Alexa Ingardona) http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/dehydroepiandrosterone-dhea-000299.htm http://arthritis.about.com/od/supplement/g/DHEA.htm
 * Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant androgen (male steroid hormone) secreted by the adrenal glands (hormone producing glands which sit on top of the kidneys in both men and women), and to a lesser extent, by the ovaries and testes.
 * DHEA can also be converted into other steroid hormones, including testosterone and estrogen.
 * Circulating levels of DHEA peak at age 25 and then steadily decline with age. DHEA levels in 70-year-old individuals tend to be roughly 80% lower than those in young adults.
 * DHEA levels have also been reported to be decreased in Alzheimer's disease, although there is a lack of clinical studies supporting this claim.
 * When the adrenal glands do not make enough hormones, including DHEA and cortisol, this is called adrenal insufficiency. Women with this condition who were given DHEA supplements reported improved sexuality and sense of well-being (including decreased feelings of depression and anxiety).
 * Clinical studies have shown that DHEA cream applied to the inner thigh may boost bone density in older women.
 * Although DHEA supplements are widely used by athletes and body builders to boost muscle mass and burn fat, there is little evidence to support these claims. There are few published clinical studies of the long-term effects of taking DHEA, particularly in the large doses used by athletes.
 * DHEA supplementation improved mental function in men and women infected with HIV. However, studies in humans have yet to demonstrate whether DHEA supplementation can improve immune function in people with this condition.
 * In a preliminary clinical study of individuals with major depression, DHEA significantly improved symptoms of depression compared to placebo.
 * The results of clinical studies using DHEA to treat overweight people have been conflicting. While animal studies have found DHEA to be effective in reducing body weight, studies of men and women reported that DHEA produced no change in total body weight, although total body fat and LDL ("bad") cholesterol did improve. These differences may be due to the fact that higher dosages were used in the animal studies than in the human studies (such high doses would cause intolerable side effects in people). Further clinical studies are needed to determine whether DHEA is an effective way to reduce body weight in obese people.
 * DHEA has gained some popularity among perimenopausal women. They often used the supplement to alleviate symptoms of menopause, including decreased sex drive, diminished skin tone, and vaginal dryness.
 * DHEA is not recommended for people under 40 years of age.

HYDROXYCUT- KELSIE GRIFFIN · Hydroxycut is comprisedof a blend of research proven key ingredients. “Independent peer-reviewed research published in scientific journals show the effectiveness of ingredients in Hydroxycut® and how they can get you the results you want. The most obvious benefit is the unique combination of key ingredients (//Garcinia cambogia // extract, //Gymnema sylvestre // extract, and chromium polynicotinate) can help you lose up to 4.5 times the weight than just diet and exercise alone.” It is Americas number one weight loss supplement and has been around for 10 years. · Known and Possible Side effects: Increased blook pressure, Increased heart rate, Increased sweating, Headaches, dizziness, Loss of appetite, Feel restless, Feel jittery. These side effects should only last while taking Hydroxycut. · Hydroxicut is available at local drugstores such as Meijer, safeway, kmart, walgreens, GNC and many others. It is even available to purchase online. · <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Cost: retail price 39.99 for 100 caplets ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">http://www.hydroxycut.com/fine_retailers.shtml <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">http://www.bodybuildingforyou.com/hydroxycut/hydroxycut-sideeffects-benefits.htm **
 * <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Increase energy, burn calories, control appetite, loose weight, decreased appetite, increased metabolism, improved stamina, fat loss

Hoodia (Brittany Hocking) > HGH (Human Growth Hormone)- Dan Ransom > online
 * hoodia consumption reduced food intake by about 1000 calories per day
 * Although intriguing, the study wasn't published or subjected to a peer-review process, so the quality of the study cannot be evaluated.
 * Hoodia marketers often claim that hoodia has no side effects because the San Bushmen in the Kalahari desert of Africa have been using hoodia for thousands of years. But hoodia simply hasn't been around for long enough in North America and it hasn't been subjected to safety testing to uncover any possible side effects, drug interactions, and safety concerns.
 * Cheapest $6.92, Most expensive $69.95
 * Hoodia can be purchased online or by telephone, it is not yet located in stores
 * http://www.google.com/products?q=Hoodia&oe=UTF-8&price1=33.00&price2=&lnk=prsugg
 * http://altmedicine.about.com/od/popularhealthdiets/a/hoodia1.htm
 * weight loss, wrinkle reduction, energy level, muscle strength, sexual potency
 * Dr. Rudmans's study saw the effects of HGH upon overweight men between the ages of 61 and 80 years of age. HGH reduces body fat The men did not alter their personal habits of eating, smoking, or exercise, yet with the consumption of HGH, they lost an average of 14% of their body fat, while gaining an average of 8.8% lean muscle mass. Their skin became firmer and they experienced a localized increase in bone density. Over all, HgH appeared to reverse the effects of aging by 10-20 years! HGH is prescribed and administered by a doctor in the form of injections.
 * Atrophy of the pituitary gland. Due to injection of GH the pituitary gland may conclude that it does not have to produce human growth hormone and may shut down. When supranatural levels (IGF-1 above 500ng/ml) of human growth hormone are reached and maintained over several months Acromegaly, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Arthritis and Edema may develop. These HgH side effects seem serious but to be fair mainly occur when abusing GH. The current prescription growth hormone therapies use low dosages with increased frequency which lead to significantly less or no permanent HgH side effects when used according to the instructions and with proper monitoring.
 * pituitary gland problems
 * free trials to $59.95
 * http://www.hgh9.com/
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone

Glutamine (Jacquleen Ludwig)
 * Athletes who take glutamine supplements do so in order to prevent muscle breakdown and to improve immune system functioning.
 * Several clinical studies have found that oral glutamine can decrease the incidence of illness and infection in endurance athletes or athletes involved extreme training regimens.
 * Research has also found that glutamine supplements can help maintain muscle mass by preventing protein breakdown and improving glycogen synthesis thereby increasing muscle glycogen stores.
 * Glutamine is a classified as a nutritional supplement and is not banned by any sport organizations. It can be found in most health food stores in the form of gels or tablets and is often an ingredient in many commercial protein powders. Due to the limited research there are no established guidelines for dose.
 * Studies show no adverse side effects. Taking excessive dosages may lead to upset stomach.
 * Cost ranges from $10-$50 (for 1000 grams). Glutamine can be purchased at vitamin or supplement stores.

www.bodybuilding.com/store/glutamine**.html www.umm.edu**

Acia Berry (Emily Hinderer) 1. Increases Energy and Stamina 2. Fights Cancer and Disease 3. Fights Obesity 4. Boosts the Immune System 5. Maintains Good Cholesterol and Fights Heart Disease 6. Improves Vision 7. Helps with Digestion 8. Promotes a More Peaceful Sleep There has been a lot of recent research and news articles on the Acai Berry. Some research was conducted at the University of Florida, the researchers published an article in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in Januray of 2006. In their study they found that Acai Berries triggered a self destruct response in up to 86% of leukemia cells in tested in vitro. From the website, myacaiberrytrial.com, states that "in the current UF study, six different chemical extracts were made from the ACAi fruit pilp, and each extract was prepared in seven concentrations. Four of the extracts, were shown to kill significant numbers od leukemia cells when applied for 24 hours. Depending on the extract and concentration, anywhere from about 35% to 86% of the cells died." It has also been featured in the Wall Street Journal, on CBS News, Oprah, Rachel Ray and ABC News. Since it is a newer product more and more research is constantly being conducted. There aren't any actual side effects to eating the Acai Berry due to the fact that it is a fruit, the only problems that can result is mixing the berry with other products that can cause side effects. As stated before there aren't any direct side effects of the Acai Berry, but there can be some when it is mixed with other products such as; Guarana because Guarana is a syrup that is often used as a stimulant and appetite suppressant, but it contains caffeine so any negative side effects that can result from caffeine can apply to Guarana and therefore the Acia Berry, when they are mixed together. The Acai Berry can come in many different forms: the actual berry, pills, drink mix, etc. The actual berry costs: $45-$50 Acai Berry Pills: $8.95 Emergen-C Drink Mix: $6.88 Since the Acai Berry is gaining popularity, there are a lot of free trial offers that are available online. Therer are a few places where you can buy the Acai Berry, online (which is probably the best place), it is becoming more common in grocery stores in drink form and Vitamin and Supplement stores. [|www.acaiberrystudies.com] [|www.myacaiberrytrial.com] [|www.healthproductreview.com]
 * Proposed Benefits:
 * Research:
 * Known Side Effects:
 * Possible Side Effects:
 * Cost:
 * Where to purchase:

AMINO ACIDS (Aly Bertagna) >> December 2001 - Consuming Protein Supplements Can Help Deter the Effects of Overtraining! >> **Protein intake of approx. 0.88 grams per pound of body weight resulted in increased prevention of overtraining. This study was conducted at Ball State University on 17 weight-trained men. They were put on a four week "overtraining" program were they did 8-12 rep maxes for three sets, eight exercises for the first two weeks, then five sets, five exercises for 3-5 rep maxes for the next two weeks. The men were chosen to receive either an amino acid supplement or a placebo for the duration of the four weeks (0.88 grams/lb body weight/day). Those that were given the amino acids had measureable positive changes in total testosterone, the ratio of testosterone to the protein that transports it, and hemoglobin compared to those given a placebo. This proves that adequate protein consumption is the key to making gains! Be sure to get enough (approx. 1 gram per lb. of body weight).**
 * Proposed benefits:
 * aid in the repair, growth, and development of growth tissue
 * produce enzymes
 * help mood, sleep, concentration, aggression, and attention
 * Research:
 * According to Bodyingbuilding.com...
 * Known side effects:
 * They are no known side effects of taking the correct amount of amino acids.
 * Potential side effects:
 * If you have liver or kidney disease, you should not take in high doses of amino acids without asking your doctor.
 * Cost:
 * Ranges from $0.02-$0.06 per gram, $8-$35 per bottle.
 * Come in form of pill, powder, or capsule.
 * Purchase:
 * Online
 * GNC or other vitamin stores
 * LINKS:
 * http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/aminoper.html, http://www.nutritional-supplements-health-guide.com/amino-acid-side-effects.html

THERMOGENICS (Nick Tadros)

Guarana (Shawna Dolan)

-[] -[] -http://health.learninginfo.org/guarana.htm
 * Proposed benefits are increased mental alerness, physical endurance, fights fatigue, supresses appetite, and increases fat-buring.
 * Scientific research shows according to http: //altmedicine .about.com/od/completeazindex/a/guarana.htm, a Journal of Psychopharmacology study found that guarana improved memory, mood and alertness at low (37.5 mg, 75 mg) vs. higher (150 mg, 300 mg) doses. However, another study examined the long-term use of guarana, caffeine, or placebo on the cognition of 45 older individuals. There were no significant effects of guarana on cognition.//
 * Known side effects are insomnia, trembling, anxiety, palpitations, urinary frequency, and hyperactivity.
 * Some potential side effect studies show that when Guarana is linked with other weight loss drugs (such as ephedrine) it may cause stroke or sudden death.
 * The cost of Guarana varies depending on product. When found in an energy drink can range from $2-$3 and when found in weight loss pills, bottle can range anywhere between $20-$60.
 * Guarana can be found online, GNC, or any grocery store.

Ginseng (Meghan Schmidt

Research : As of current, not a lot of conclusive, solid research has been conducted on Ginseng and its properties. Even in looking on Medline, I was only able to procure one article, and that was printed in 2000. So, as of right now, there is no solid information on whether Ginseng really does what it proposes to, and how harmful it may actually be. As of right now, it is used more based on the fact that it has been used as a supplement for many agents in Asia for a long time.
 * Proposed Benefits:**
 * Improving the health of people recovering from illness
 * Increasing a sense of well-being and stamina, and improving both mental and physical performance
 * Treating erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, and symptoms related to menopause
 * Lowering blood glucose and controlling blood pressure

Known Side-Effects: Most common are head-aches, GI problems, and difficulty sleeping. In addition, people have reported tenderness in the breasts, high blood pressure, and an irregular menstrual cycle. In addition, it can lower blood glucose levels, so it is recommended that diabetics do not use a ginseng regiment.

Potential Side-Effects: While the above are reported side-effects, it is recommended that a person does not take Ginseng for more than three months as it is believed that serious side-effects can develop. It can cause allergic reactions, but how it will affect different people is unknown.

Cost: Just like an supplement, ginseng will vary in cost from around $10-$100, and comes in the forms of capsules, extracts, and teas, as well as creams or other preparations for external use. It is more popularly found in sports drinks as an enhancement, and can cost around $2-5.

Purchase: Ginseng can be purchased at CVS pharmacies in four different capsule forms, as well as in different energy drinks; can be found at GMCs, Walmart, and purchased online.

Sources: [] [|http://www.walmart.com] __http://www.cvs.com http:__[|www.google.com]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Alli (Anne Simpson) **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Weight loss, appetite suppressant ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approved ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Oily stools. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> As the Alli weight loss pill reduces the production of an enzyme in the intestine, which converts fatty dietary elements into fatty acids, some fat from digested food may not be processed. As a result the body will find a way to release basic fat content from the body, usually excreted naturally. Due to the nature of the left over substances, stools can often appear oily and emit an unfortunate odour. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Flatulence. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Another means by which the body has been known to release unwanted waste is by flatulence. While this is a totally natural and harmless release, it can prove potentially embarrassing and uncomfortable as the customer may not have full control of their bowels at all times. ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Vitamin deficiency. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Even though Alli is specifically structured to take out the fatty content of dietary intake, some vitamins may consist of fatty content, which may not be absorbed into the body. It is therefore recommended that while using taking Alli, the user also takes a daily dose of vitamin tablets.

While the oily stools and flatulence are slightly unfortunate side effects, they can be controlled by reducing the dietary fat content to somewhere in the region of 15 grams per meal. ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">$40-$75 ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Pharmacies, grocery stores, etc. <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">[] **

Halodrol liquigels (Luke Wasowski) 1. Marked changes in muscle density and size, strength, and endurance 2. Users typically experience a very positive effect on energy levels, lipolysis and libido 3. Increased strength and endurance that leads to better athletic performance After three years on the market, the original Halodrol-50 was discontinued by Gaspari Nutrition after a newspaper article claimed the supplement contained anabolic steroids. It was replaced with Halodrol Liquigels, a non-prohormonal product that promises to deliver results similar to the original product. The known side effects are increased heart rate, oily skin, acne breakouts and increased libido. ever **had** any This product can be purchased in a price range from $49.99 to $79.99. Many various websites or at any GNC [] [] [] []
 * Benfits:
 * Research conducted:
 * Known side effects:
 * Other side effects are listed as possible if you are:
 * 1) Are under the age of 21
 * 2) Are a woman
 * 3) Have any type of auto-immune or systematic inflammatory condition
 * 4) Have
 * 1) **type of cancer**
 * Cost
 * Where you can purchase this aid.
 * Sources

__ Arginine (by Eric Blazej) Benefits: -Hormone secretion -an increase in growth hormone output -the removal of toxic waste products from the body -immune system defenses -Healthy sexual function

Research: Lately there has been research conducted on this product and it has been found to increase muscle mass, enhance fat metabolism, and increase vasodiolation (blood flow)

Side effects: (known and possible) Individuals with existing heart or psychiatric conditions should consult with their physician prior to supplementing with Arginine. With any amino acid containing product, overdose is a possibility. Dosing with too much arginine can lead to diarrhea, weakness and nausea.

Cost: Ranges from $8 to $80

Sources: __http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/arginine.html _

Stacker Fat Burner (Kelli Casey)

Propsed Effects: Research Conducted:
 * Increase Metabolism and energy allowing you to burn through fat quickly and more effectively
 * Descreased food cravings have been reported as a postive effect
 * Stacker diet pills rely on the standby "stack" of ephedrine, caffeine, and aspirin to attack weight loss.
 * The main ingredient in the Stacker is ephedra or ma huang, ephedrine is indigenous to China, India, and parts of Southeast Asia. Initially, ephedrine was orginally designed to relieve congestion associated with common colds and allergies. Ephedrine aided those with congestion problems by dilating the bronchial muscles.
 * Ephedrine is known to mimic the effects of adrealine.

Side Effects:
 * Racing Heart Beat
 * Excessive Sweating
 * Could lead to high blood pressure and cardiac problems
 * depression
 * insomnia
 * nervousness

In the News...
 * The FDA has taken ephedrine out of over the counter sinus medications.
 * 2004 Ephedra was banned in any over the counter products.
 * Stacker 3 is available and contains no ephedra

What does Stacker advertise about their product?
 * "Stack 2, probably the worlds most famous fat burner. Combining the powerful fat burning effects of the worlds most popular metabolic boosting fat loss compounds in high isolated doses, makes Stack 2 unbelievably powerful. Stack 2 is so strong at fat burning, you run the risk of losing too much weight"!**

Cost:
 * Amazon sells Stacker 2 for $27.55
 * GNC sells Stacker 2 for $7.99
 * Danutrtion sells Stacker 3 for $18.36

[] [] [|www.google.com] [] []

Protein Supplements (Kevin Krillic) http://www.thedietchannel.com/Athletes-and-Supplements-Do-Supplements-Ensure-Peak-Performance.htm http://www.projectswole.com/your-questions/what-are-the-side-effects-of-protein-powder/ http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/sportsnutrition/a/HighProteinDiet.htm
 * Protein helps repair and build body muscles and repair tissue and also make body chemicals such as enzymes and hormones to transport body nutri
 * Research shows that high protein diets can hurt performance, to much protein can lead to decrease in performance, decrease in endurance, increase risk of getting hypoglycemia.decrease in glucose levels.
 * If one takes to much protein supplements then their body actually needs the protein will be then store away in the body as fat if not being used up during a work out.
 * Your blood could turn acidic and the body attempt to stop this is by sending calcium into your blood stream. This can cause a lack of calcium in your body which could lead to osteoporosis. Also the calcium in your body could lead to kidney stones in an effort to get rid of the kidney deposits in your body.
 * Protein supplements can range from 15 to 50 dollars if one is using the powder type of protein supplement to enhance their body.
 * One can buy protein supplements at drugstores which can be protein bars, or going to a vitamin supplement store which has ranges of different types of protein supplements that people can use for their work outs.

_

ANDRO (Patrick Ruhl)


 * Androstenedione is a supplement made from a naturally occurring steroid hormone. The body metabolizes androstenedione into testosterone, which is considered a steroid. When supplements of testosterone are taken in high doses, they are known to have an anabolic effect increasing muscle size and strength.**
 * Chemical data ||
 * [|Formula] || <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">[|**C**] 19<span style="color: rgb(77, 77, 77);">[|**H**] 26<span style="color: rgb(116, 35, 35);">[|**O**] 2 ||
 * [|Mol. mass] || 286.4 ||

Risks Anabolic-androgenic steroids come with serious physical side effects as well. Men may develop:** Women may develop: Both men and women might experience: Taking anabolic-androgenic steroids to enhance athletic performance, besides being prohibited by most sports organizations, is illegal. In the past 20 years, more effective law enforcement in the United States has pushed much of the illegal steroid industry into the black market. This poses additional health risks because the drugs either are made in other countries and smuggled in or are made in clandestine labs in the United States. Either way, they aren't subject to government safety standards and could be impure or mislabeled.
 * Many athletes take anabolic-androgenic steroids at doses that are much higher than those prescribed for medical reasons, and most of what is known about the drugs' effects on athletes comes from observing these users. It is impossible for researchers to design studies that would accurately test the effects of large doses of steroids on athletes, because giving test participants such high doses would be unethical. This means that the effects of taking anabolic-androgenic steroids at very high doses haven't been well studied.
 * Prominent breasts
 * Baldness
 * Shrunken testicles
 * Infertility
 * A deeper voice
 * An enlarged clitoris
 * Increased body hair
 * Baldness
 * Severe acne
 * Liver abnormalities and tumors
 * Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol)
 * Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the "good" cholesterol)
 * Aggressive behaviors, rage or violence
 * Psychiatric disorders, such as depression
 * Drug dependence
 * Infections or diseases such as HIV or hepatitis if you're injecting the drugs
 * Inhibited growth and development, and risk of future health problems if you're a teenager

Hoodia (Meredith Blair) Benefits- Hoodia is a natural appetite suppressant.The active ingredient in Hoodia is the appetite-suppressing molecule, P57.Scientists from say P57 acts on the brain in a manner similar to glucose. It tricks the brain into thinking you are full even when you have not eaten, reduces interest in food and delays the time before hunger sets in.
 * **//Hoodia gordonii// is a cactus-like succulent plant, native to the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa.**

Scientific Research
 * **- Hoodia is licensed to the British pharmaceutical company [|Phytopharm] who are researching its potential as an anti-obesity drug.**

Known & Potential Side effetcs Hoodia marketers often claim that hoodia has no side effects because the San Bushmen in the Kalahari desert of Africa have been using hoodia for thousands of years. But hoodia simply hasn't been around for long enough in North America and it hasn't been subjected to safety testing to uncover any possible side effects, drug interactions, and safety concerns.
 * **-Hoodia is not a stimulant, and has no known side effects.**

Cost-
 * **Hoodia is about $40-45 for a month supplies.Also, it must be bought online.Don’t buy hoodia until you are sure it is hoodia gordonii. One of the best ways to check is to look for a CITIES certificate from the South African government. The only hoodia gordonii being grown in the world is being grown in South Africa, so don’t buy hoodia from a company which states it is grown and harvested in China or the US.**
 * **__<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">[] __**
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Whey Protein (Patrick Brayfield) 1.) It provides the body with the necessary pieces to make amino acids. These amino acids are used to build muscle. It can also serve as an antioxidant and support a healthy imune system. 2.)This study, conducted at University of Texas Medical Branch, measured the amount of uptake of the amino acid L-phenylalanine into healthy leg muscle tissue in one of three protein shakes. The shakes were consumed one and two hours after intense leg training and provided about 6 grams of protein, 34 grams of carbs, or both per shake for a 150 bodybuilder. The L-phenylalanine uptake in the protein and carb shake was measured as being three times higher than the carb shake and roughly twice as great as the amino shake! So, there you have it! As you know, the postworkout shake is the most critical meal for your increased anabolism. Make sure you're getting some carbs in your postworkout shake for best results! 3.) There have not been many side affects found from whey proteing since it is a supplement to the proteins you consume from food. The main side affect is developing lean body mass which is what you want to happen. [] 4.) Once again, there are no potential side affects by adding more protein. Its a natural part of the body and nutrition and any excess is simply excreted. 5.) Whey protein varies with brand and lbs. sizes. The cheapest can begin at $16 and be 5lbs. and can range to as much as $75 and 10lbs. 6.) Protein can be found in all kinds of nutrient and supplement stores like GNC, and even large surplus stores like Wal-mart and Sam's Club. There are many online sites as well that sell all brands of Whey. []
 * ([])**
 * []**

Ginkgo Biloba (Stacy Sowa) Ginkgo biloba is a medicinal herb that is recognized all over the world for its memory improving capacities. However, scientists have been able to prove that this herb can also be useful to people who do not suffer from memory disorders. The connection between ginkgo biloba and athletes has been made ever since the antioxidants have been discovered to help people who take part in intense physical exercise. Training that is done very often usually leads to fatigue. Furthermore, both mental and physical tiredness lead to a low power of concentration. By improving the blood flow to the brain and to the other organs, ginkgo biloba seems to solve this problem. In addition, as the blood represents the carrier of the oxygen from the lungs to all the other organs, ginkgo biloba also improves the oxygenation of the brain. Furthermore, the connection between ginkgo biloba and athletes is sustained by the antioxidant substances contained by the ginkgo biloba extract. Although scientists have been able to establish more than 40 active substances in the ginkgo biloba extract, two of them seem to be the most important. These substances are named flavonoids and terpenoids and represent two types of antioxidants. They enhance the immune system and prevent diseases that would lead to memory disorders. In addition, the antioxidants slow down aging of the brain and boost the energy. By increasing the energy, the performance of the athletes increases. An additional effect related to the increased energy is the decrease of the stress and depression levels. Several clinical studies have tested the benefits of Ginkgo and proven that the antioxidants in the product due help the performance and training of athletes. headaches, bad temper, anxiety, diarrhea and nausea vomiting, edema, restlessness $16.00 for 120 (60 mg) tablets $18.00 for 90 (100 mg) softgels $9.00 for 1 oz. liquid drops Can be bought online or at vitamin world stores http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ginkgo/ http://hcs.osu.edu/hcs/TMI/Plantlist/gi_iloba.htm www.wildernessathlete.org http://nutrition.arizona.edu/new/files/19How_to_Evaluate_Ergogenic_Aid_Claims.pdf
 * Proposed "benefits"
 * Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? Peer-reviewed?
 * Known side effects
 * Potential side effects
 * Cost
 * Where you can purchase this aid.
 * Citations and/or links to sources

Hydroxycut (Lisa Ware) proposed "benefits": The benefits include weight loss, fat burner has it been scientifically tested? Yes, In two 8-week studies that included a 2000-calorie-per-day diet and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio, 5 days per week, subjects using the primary ingredients in Hydroxycut (calcium/potassium salt of 60% HCA extract from Garcinia cambogia, niacin-bound chromium, and Gymnema sylvestre extract) lost, on average, significantly more weight than subjects using a placebo (14.96 vs. 3.06 and 12.55 vs. 3.51 lbs.). Subjects also showed a significant increase in indicators of fat breakdown known side effects: Head aches, jitters, not a good weight supplement, only last for 15 days potential side effects: Insomnia, shakiness, Indigestion, increased urination cost: 39.99 for 100 tablets where you can purchase this aid: Walmart, Walgreens, Target, K-mart, on Television citations: http://www.researchdietpills.com/review/hydroxycut-review/, http://www.thejuicedmoose.com/muscletech-hydroxycut-caffeine-free-100-caplets.html, http://weight-loss.emedtv.com/hydroxycut/hydroxycut-side-effects.html

Proactol (Kaitlin Meyer) [|Study #2] [|Study #3] [|Study #4] __ o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> It received a 5/5 by peer reviewers o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> ____  30 doctors said it was the best diet pill on the market o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> People who have taken Proactol have said §<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> “I am losing weight steadily and consistently and my shape is changing and my clothes are losser, and my appetite is reduced, but it feels natural.” §<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> '...is an amazing patented fiber complex that is a 100% natural, 100% organic fat binder made from the nutritious cactus "Opuntia ficus-indica". __
 * __ Proposed benefits __
 * __ Reduces fat intake by 28%, Burns stored fat, Blocks appetite, Reduces Cholesterol __
 * __ Average weight loss per month 6-18 lbs (3-8 kg) __
 * __ 100% natural and totally organic with no known negative side effects. __
 * __ Help Reduce Excess Body Weight __
 * __Helps Reduce Food Cravings__
 * __Scientific, controlled research.__
 * __ Meets FDA guidelines for dietary supplements __
 * [|**Study #1**]
 * __These are four of the clinical studies done on Proactor.__
 * __Known side effects__
 * __No side effects__
 * __Potential side effects__
 * __ One of the ingredients, Prickly pear, when taken too often, can cause stomach problems __
 * __diarrhoea__
 * __Cost__
 * __ About 89$ for 120 pills. __
 * __This would last about 40 days__
 * __There are coupons on the internet.__
 * __Where you can purchase this aid.__
 * __ Online at any supplement site __
 * __Or at their site, proactol.com__
 * __Citations and/or links to sources__
 * [|www.proactol.com]
 * []
 * []

Redline Energy Drink (Daniel Schuette) Proposed Benefits: Increased energy, atheletic performance, and weight loss

Research: The Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition found in a doubleblind study that Redline Energy drink results in a significant increase in reaction performance with no effect on anaerobic power performance. Side Effects: Rapid heartrate, dizziness, severe headache, shortness of breath. Proposed Side Effects: Heart disease, glaucoma, high blood pressure, seizures. Cost: 24 pack of 8 oz cans costs $49.99 Avaliable Online, GNC, or at various fitness centers.

Citations: [] []

Acai berry (Lee Carr) · **Has there been scientific, controlled research conducted on the effectiveness or side effects of this aid? Peer-reviewed?: **There has been no peer reviews journal research collected on this dietary supplement only the testing and research conducted byZollar labs the producer of the supplement · **Known side effects: o Increase in heart rate o Increase in blood pressure o Nausea, stomachache, diarrhea o Loss or suppressed appetite o Cold sweats, restlessness, shaking, irritability o Increase in urination (as caffeine is a mild diuretic) o Similar to caffeine overdose · **Potential side effects · **Cost: o VitaMaker: 20.95 o CheapVitamins.com 29.99 · **Where you can purchase this aid: **at the places listed above and at a plethora of places online. · **Citations and/or links to sources [] http://www.ultimatefatburner.com/zantrex-3-side-effects.html**
 * · **Proposed "benefits": **to loose weight and increase energy
 * o Jitters, anxiety, increased sweating
 * o Several individuals on online user reviews and blogs stated that taking this supplement gave them panic or anxiety attacks
 * o Walgreens: 19.99
 * []

Amphetamines (Beth Harroun)** Also called: 'speed', 'dexies', 'goey', 'whizz', 'ice', 'uppers', 'go', 'go fast' and 'zip'

Benefits: increase alertness, self-confidence and concentration, and decrease appetite while creating a feeling of increased energy Long-term use of amphetamines can result in an increase tolerance for the drugs and the need to continually take more for the same effect. It’s not uncommon for athletes to become dependent on the drug and have difficulty withdrawing from amphetamines. Sudden withdrawal can cause depression, weakness and extreme fatigue. Long-term use of amphetamines can result in:
 * The majority of the research on amphetamine use and sports performance shows that taking amphetamines prior to an event has no benefit. It simply makes an athlete feel they are performing better, but in fact they often performance at a lower level than without the drug.
 * Potential short-term side effects of amphetamines include:
 * headaches
 * increased blood pressure
 * increased heart rate
 * insomnia
 * weight loss
 * hallucinations
 * convulsions
 * heart rhythm abnormalities
 * heart attack
 * uncontrollable movements of the face
 * paranoid delusions
 * nerve damage
 * irritability
 * insomnia
 * confusion
 * tremors
 * anxiety
 * irregular heartbeat
 * dizziness
 * hypertension
 * The cost of amphetamines varies largely according to its purity. It may cost about $100 per gram for 'cut' (or mixed) amphetamines to $300 for the pure form.
 * These are available by prescription or through a dealer
 * These are available by prescription or through a dealer


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Creakic Hardcore (Diondre WIlliams) Benefits are: Increase muscle fibers, rapid muscle gain and strength, Side Effects: maintaining hydration in the body, headache, skin irritation, dizziness, problems if pregnant, may develop allergic reactions Cost: 39.99 GNC: 39.99

http://www.netrition.com/muscletech_creakic.html http://www.muscletech.com/products/creakic/index.shtml